6TiSCH T. Chang, Ed. Internet-Draft Inria Intended status: Standards Track M. Vucinic Expires: February 22, 2019 University of Montenegro X. Vilajosana Universitat Oberta de Catalunya S. Duquennoy RISE SICS D. Dujovne, Ed. Universidad Diego Portales August 21, 2018 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) draft-ietf-6tisch-msf-00 Abstract This specification defines the 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF). This Scheduling Function describes both the behavior of a node when joining the network, and how the communication schedule is managed in a distributed fashion. MSF builds upon the 6TiSCH Operation Sublayer Protocol (6P) and the Minimal Security Framework for 6TiSCH. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on February 22, 2019. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 1] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Interface to the Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration . . . . . . . . 4 3. Autonomous Unicast Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Node Behavior at Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1. Start State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.2. Step 1 - Choosing Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.3. Step 2 - Receiving EBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.4. Step 3 - Setting up Autonomous Unicast Cells . . . . . . 7 4.5. Step 4 - Join Request/Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.6. Step 5 - Acquiring a RPL rank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.7. Step 6 - Send EBs and DIOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.8. Step 7 - Neighbor Polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.9. End State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. Rules for Adding/Deleting Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1. Adapting to Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2. Switching Parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.3. Handling Schedule Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6. 6P SIGNAL command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7. Scheduling Function Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8. Rules for CellList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9. 6P Timeout Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 10. Rule for Ordering Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 11. Meaning of the Metadata Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12. 6P Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13. Schedule Inconsistency Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14. MSF Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 15. MSF Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 16. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 17. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 17.1. MSF Scheduling Function Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . 15 18. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 2] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 18.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 18.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Appendix A. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Appendix B. Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix C. Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix D. [TEMPORARY] Changelog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. Introduction The 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF), defined in this specification, is a 6TiSCH Scheduling Function (SF). The role of an SF is entirely defined in [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol]: it complements [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol] by providing the rules of when to add/delete cells in the communication schedule. The SF defined in this document follows that definition, and satisfies all the requirements for an SF listed in Section 4.2 of [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol]. MSF builds on top of the following specifications: the Minimal IPv6 over the TSCH Mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) Configuration [RFC8180], the 6TiSCH Operation Sublayer Protocol (6P) [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol], and the Minimal Security Framework for 6TiSCH [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security]. MSF defines both the behavior of a node when joining the network, and how the communication schedule is managed in a distributed fashion. When a node running MSF boots up, it joins the network by following the 7 steps described in Section 4. The end state of the join process is that the node is synchronized to the network, has mutually authenticated to the network, has identified a preferred routing parent, has scheduled one default unicast cell to/from each of its neighbors. After the join process, the node can continuously add/delete/relocate cells, as described in Section 5. It does so for 3 reasons: to match the link-layer resources to the traffic, to handle changing parent, to handle a schedule collision. MSF is designed to operate in a wide range of application domains. It is optimized for applications with regular upstream traffic (from the nodes to the root). Appendix C contains a performance evaluation of MSF. This specification follows the recommended structure of an SF specification in Appendix A of [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol], with the following adaptations: Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 3] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 o We have reordered part of the sections, in particular to have the section on the node behavior at boot Section 4 appear early in this specification. o We added sections on the interface to the minimal 6TiSCH configuration Section 2, the use of the SIGNAL command Section 6, the MSF constants Section 14, the MSF statistics Section 15, the performance of MSF Appendix C. o This specification does not include an examples section. 2. Interface to the Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration A node implementing MSF MUST implement the Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration [RFC8180], which defines the "minimal cell", a single shared cell providing minimal connectivity between the nodes in the network. MSF uses the minimal cell to exchange the following packets: 1. Enhanced Beacons (EBs), defined by [IEEE802154-2015]. These are broadcast frames. 2. DODAG Information Objects (DIOs), defined by [RFC6550]. These are broadcast frames. Because the minimal cell is SHARED, the back-off algorithm defined in [IEEE802154-2015] is used to resolve collisions. To ensure there is enough bandwidth available on the minimal cell, a node implementing MSF SHOULD enforce the following rules for broadcast frames: 1. send EBs on a portion of the minimal cells not exceeding 1/(3(N+1)), where N is the number of neighbors of the node. 2. send DIOs on a portion of the minimal cells not exceeding 1/(3(N+1)), where N is the number of neighbors of the node. The RECOMMENDED behavior for sending EBs is to have a node send EBs with a probability of 1/(3(N+1)). The RECOMMENDED behavior for sending DIOs is to use a Trickle timer with rate-limiting. Section 4.3 describes how to evaluate the number of neighbors during the joining process. After the joining process, how to evaluate the number of neighbors is implementation-specific. As detailed in Section 2.2 of [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol], MSF MUST schedule cells from Slotframe 1, while Slotframe 0 is used for traffic defined in the Minimal 6TiSCH Configuration. The length of Slotframe 0 and Slotframe 1 SHOULD be the same value. The default of SLOTFRAME_LENGTH is RECOMMENDED, although any value can be advertised in the EBs. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 4] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 3. Autonomous Unicast Cells MSF nodes MUST initialize Slotframe 1 with a set of default cells for unicast communication with their neighbors. These cells are referred to as 'autonomous cells', because they are maintained autonomously by each node. Each node has: 1. One cell to receive, at a [slotOffset,channelOffset] computed as a hash of the node's EUI64 (detailed next). The cell options for this cell are RX=1. 2. For each neighbor in the IPv6 neighbor table, one cell to transmit, at a [slotOffset,channelOffset] computed as a hash of the neighbor's EUI64 (detailed next). The cell options for this cell are TX=1, SHARED=1. To compute a [slotOffset,channelOffset] from an EUI64 address, nodes MUST use the hash function SAX [SAX-DASFAA]. The coordinates are computed to distribute the cells across all 16 channel offsets, and all but the first time offsets of Slotframe 1. The first time offset is skipped to avoid colliding with the minimal cell in Slotframe 0. The slot coordinates derived from a given EUI64 address are computed as follows: slotOffset(MAC) = 1 + hash(EUI64) % (length(Slotframe_1) - 1) channelOffset(MAC) = hash(EUI64) % 16 Because of hash collisions, there are cases where one node has multiple cells scheduled at the same time offset and/or channel offset. Note that nodes have only one autonomous RX cell and potentially multiple TX cells. Hash collisions among a set of cells at a given time offset is resolved at run-time as follows: 1. The TX cell with the most packets in outgoing queue takes precedence. 2. If all TX cells have empty outgoing queues, the RX cell takes precedence. Throughout the network lifetime, nodes MUST maintain the autonomous cells as follows: 1. The receive cell MUST always remain scheduled. 2. Whenever a new neighbor is discovered, add a transmit cell for it. 3. Whenever a new neighbor is removed, remove transmit cell that was assigned to it. 4. 6P CLEAR MUST NOT erase autonomous cells. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 5] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 4. Node Behavior at Boot This section details the behavior the node SHOULD follow from the moment it is switched on, until it has successfully joined the network. Section 4.1 details the start state; Section 4.9 details the end state. The other sections detail the 7 steps of the joining process. We use the term "pledge" and "joined node", as defined in [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security]. 4.1. Start State A node implementing MSF MUST implement the Minimal Security Framework for 6TiSCH [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security]. As a corollary, this means that a pledge, before being switched on, is pre-configured with the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) for joining, as well as any other configuration detailed in [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security]. 4.2. Step 1 - Choosing Frequency When switched on, the pledge SHOULD randomly choose a frequency among the available frequencies, and start listening for EBs on that frequency. 4.3. Step 2 - Receiving EBs Upon receiving the first EB, the pledge SHOULD continue listening for additional EBs to learn: 1. the number of neighbors N in its vicinity 2. which neighbor to choose as a Join Proxy (JP) for the joining process While the exact behavior is implementation-specific, the RECOMMENDED behavior is to follow [RFC8180], and listen until EBs sent by NUM_NEIGHBOURS_TO_WAIT nodes (defined in [RFC8180]) have been received. During this step, the pledge MAY synchronize to any EB it receives from the network it wishes to join. How to decide whether an EB originates from a node from the network it wishes to join is implementation-specific, but MAY involve filtering EBs by the PAN ID field it contains, the presence and contents of the IE defined in [I-D.richardson-6tisch-join-enhanced-beacon], or the key used to authenticate it. The decision of which neighbor to use as a JP is implementation- specific, and discussed in [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security]. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 6] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 4.4. Step 3 - Setting up Autonomous Unicast Cells After joining, nodes MUST set up their autonomous unicast cells, as described in Section 3. This enables unicast communication in Slotframe 1, until more cells are added with 6P as defined in Section 5. 4.5. Step 4 - Join Request/Response As per [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security], after having selected a JP, the pledge sends a Join Request to its JP. Because no dedicated cells are in place at this point, this happens on the autonomous unicast cell. The JP then forwards the Join Request to the JRC, possibly over multiple hops. When forwarding this Join Request, a node MUST use a unicast cell (autonomous or dedicated) it has with its preferred parent. How dedicated cells are installed is detailed in Section 5. As per [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security], the JRC sends back a Join Response to the pledge, through the JP. When forwarding this Join Response, a node MUST use a unicast (autonomous or dedicated) cell it has with its child (not the minimal cell). As per [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security], after receiving the Join Response, the pledge learns the keying material used in the network, as well as other configurations, and becomes a "joined node". 4.6. Step 5 - Acquiring a RPL rank Because it has learned the link-layer keying material used in the network, the joined node can now decrypt the DIO packets sent by its neighbors. Per [RFC6550], the joined node receives DIOs, computes its own rank, and selects a preferred parent. 4.7. Step 6 - Send EBs and DIOs The node SHOULD start sending EBs and DIOs on the minimal cell, while following the transmit rules for broadcast frames from Section 2. 4.8. Step 7 - Neighbor Polling The node SHOULD send some form of keep-alive messages to all its neighbors it has unicast cells with. The Keep-Alive (KA) mechanism is detailed in [RFC7554]. It uses the keep-alive messages to its preferred parent to stay synchronized. It uses the keep-alive messages to its children (with which it has a unicast cell to) to ensure the child is still reachable. The RECOMMENDED period for sending keep-alive messages is KA_PERIOD. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 7] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 If the keep-alive message to a child fails at the link layer (i.e. the maximum number of link-layer retries is reached), the node SHOULD declare the child as unreachable. This can happen for example when the child node is switched off. When a neighbor is declared unreachable, the node MUST remove all dedicated cells with that neighbor from its own schedule. In addition, it MAY issue a 6P CLEAR to that neighbor (which can fail at the link-layer). If the node has autonmous cells to the unreachable neighbor those cells will be removed following the procedure described in Section 3. 4.9. End State For a new node, the end state of the joining process is: o it is synchronized to the network o it is using the link-layer keying material it learned through the secure joining process o it has identified its preferred routing parent o it has a set of autonomous unicast cells to/from its neighbors o it is periodically sending DIOs, potentially serving as a router for other nodes' traffic o it is periodically sending EBs, potentially serving as a JP for new joining nodes 5. Rules for Adding/Deleting Cells Once a node has joined the 6TiSCH network, it adds/deletes/relocates cells with its preferred parent for three reasons: o to match the link-layer resources to the traffic between the node and its preferred parent (Section 5.1) o to handle switching preferred parent (Section 5.2) o to handle a schedule collision (Section 5.3) 5.1. Adapting to Traffic A node implementing MSF MUST implement the behavior described in this section. In order to handle transient traffic bursts, MSF uses the [IEEE802154-2015] frame pending bit (page 152, Section 7.2.1.3). By setting the bit, a node can transmit a series of packets to a given neighbor in consecutive time offsets. The next paragraphs define how to handle longer-term fluctuations in traffic, using 6P. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 8] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 The goal of MSF is to manage the communication schedule in the 6TiSCH schedule in a distributed manner. For a node, this translates into monitoring the current usage of the cells it has to its preferred parent: o If the node determines that the number of link-layer frames it is attempting to exchange with its preferred parent per unit of time is larger than the capacity offered by the TSCH unicast cells (dedicated and autonmous cells) it has scheduled with it, the node triggers a 6P Transaction with its preferred parent to add dedicated cells to the TSCH schedule of both nodes. o If the traffic is lower than the capacity, the node triggers a 6P Transaction with its preferred parent to delete dedicated cells from the TSCH schedule of both nodes. From the join process, the node already has a set of autonmous unicast cells, as defined in Section 3. The autonomous cells MUST NOT be removed by 6P, so that there always exists a unicast cell between a node and its preferred parent, even if no frames are being exchanged between them. Autonomous cells are used indistinguishably together with dedicated cells, for broadcast or unicast traffic with the target neighbor. The procedure to remove autonomous cells is described in Section 3. Adding/removing/relocating cells involves exchanging frames that contain 6P commands. All 6P frames MUST be sent on the unicast cells (and not the minimal cell). The node MUST maintain the following counters for its preferred parent: NumCellsPassed: Counts the number of unicast cells (dedicated and autonmous cells) that have passed since the counter was initialized. This counter is initialized at 0. Each time the TSCH state machine indicates that the current cell is a unicast cell to the preferred parent, NumCellsPassed is incremented by exactly 1, regardless of whether the cell is used to transmit/ receive a frame. NumCellsUsed: Counts the number of unicast cells that have been used. This counter is initialized at 0. NumCellsUsed is incremented by exactly 1 when, during a unicast cell to the preferred parent, either of the following happens: * The node sends a frame to its preferred parent. The counter increments regardless of whether a link-layer acknowledgment was received or not. * The node receives a frame from its preferred parent. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 9] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 Implementors MAY choose to create the same counters for each neighbor, and add them as additional statistics in the neighbor table. The counters are used as follows: 1. Both NumCellsPassed and NumCellsUsed are initialized to 0 when the node boots. 2. When the value of NumCellsPassed reaches MAX_NUMCELLS: * If NumCellsUsed > LIM_NUMCELLSUSED_HIGH, trigger 6P to add a single cell to the preferred parent * If NumCellsUsed < LIM_NUMCELLSUSED_LOW, trigger 6P to remove a single cell to the preferred parent * Reset both NumCellsPassed and NumCellsUsed to 0 and go to step 2. 5.2. Switching Parent A node implementing MSF MUST implement the behavior described in this section. Part of its normal operation, the RPL routing protocol can have a node switch preferred parents. The procedure for switching from the old preferred parent to the new preferred parent is: 1. the node counts the number of dedicated (unicast but not autonomous) cells it has per slotframe to the old preferred parent 2. the node triggers one or more 6P ADD commands to schedule the same number of dedicated cells to the new preferred parent 3. when that successfully completes, the node issues a 6P CLEAR command to its old preferred parent 5.3. Handling Schedule Collisions A node implementing MSF SHOULD implement the behavior described in this section. The "MUST" statements in this section hence only apply if the node implements schedule collision handling. Since scheduling is entirely distributed, there is a non-zero probability that two pairs of nearby neighbor nodes schedule a cell at the same [slotOffset,channelOffset] location in the TSCH schedule. In that case, data exchanged by the two pairs may collide on that cell. We call this case a "schedule collision". The node MUST maintain the following counters for each cell to its preferred parent: Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 10] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 NumTx: Counts the number of transmission attempts on that cell. Each time the node attempts to transmit a frame on that cell, NumTx is incremented by exactly 1. NumTxAck: Counts the number of successful transmission attempts on that cell. Each time the node receives an acknowledgment for a transmission attempt, NumTxAck is incremented by exactly 1. Implementors MAY choose to maintain the same counters for each cell in the schedule. Since both NumTx and NumTxAck are initialized to 0, we necessarily have NumTxAck <= NumTx. We call Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) the ratio NumTxAck/NumTx; and represent it as a percentage. A cell with PDR=50% means that half of the frames transmitted are not acknowledged (and need to be retransmitted). Each time the node switches preferred parent (or during the join process when the node selects a preferred parent for the first time), both NumTx and NumTxAck MUST be reset to 0. They increment over time, as the schedule is executed and the node sends frames to its preferred parent. When NumTx reaches 256, both NumTx and NumTxAck MUST be divided by 2. That is, for example, from NumTx=256 and NumTxAck=128, they become NumTx=128 and NumTxAck=64. This operation does not change the value of the PDR, but allows the counters to keep incrementing. The key for detecting a schedule collision is that, if a node has several cells to the same preferred parent, all cells should exhibit the same PDR. A cell which exhibits a PDR significantly lower than the others indicates than there are collisions on that cell. Every HOUSEKEEPINGCOLLISION_PERIOD, the node executes the following steps: 1. It computes, for each dedicated cell with its preferred parent (not for the autonomous cell), that cell's PDR. 2. Any cell that hasn't yet had NumTx divided by 2 since it was last reset is skipped in steps 3 and 4. This avoids triggering cell relocation when the values of NumTx and NumTxAck are not statistically significant yet. 3. It identifies the cell with the highest PDR. 4. For each other cell, it compares its PDR against that of the cell with the highest PDR. If it's less than RELOCATE_PDRTHRES, it triggers the relocation of that cell using a 6P RELOCATE command. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 11] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 6. 6P SIGNAL command The 6P SIGNAL command is not used by MSF. 7. Scheduling Function Identifier The Scheduling Function Identifier (SFID) of MSF is IANA_6TISCH_SFID_MSF. 8. Rules for CellList MSF uses 2-step 6P Transactions exclusively. 6P Transactions are only initiated by a node towards it preferred parent. As a result, the cells to put in the CellList of a 6P ADD command, and in the candidate CellList of a RELOCATE command, are chosen by the node initiating the 6P Transaction. In both cases, the same rules apply: o The CellList SHOULD contain 5 or more cells. o Each cell in the CellList MUST have a different slotOffset value. o For each cell in the CellList, the node MUST NOT have any scheduled cell on the same slotOffset. o The slotOffset value of any cell in the CellList MUST NOT be the same as the slotOffset of the minimal cell (slotOffset=0). o The slotOffset of a cell in the CellList SHOULD be randomly and uniformly chosen among all the slotOffset values that satisfy the restrictions above. o The channelOffset of a cell in the CellList SHOULD be randomly and uniformly chosen in [0..numFrequencies], where numFrequencies represents the number of frequencies a node can communicate on. 9. 6P Timeout Value The 6P Timeout is not a constant value. It is calculated as (1/C)*(1/PDR)*SIXP_TIMEOUT_SEC_FACTOR, where: o C represents the number of cells per second scheduled to that neighbor o PDR represents the average PDR of those cells o SIXP_TIMEOUT_SEC_FACTOR is a security factor, a constant 10. Rule for Ordering Cells Cells are ordered slotOffset first, channelOffset second. The following sequence is correctly ordered (each element represents the [slottOffset,channelOffset] of a cell in the schedule): [1,3],[1,4],[2,0],[5,3],[6,0],[6,3],[7,9] Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 12] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 11. Meaning of the Metadata Field The Metadata field is not used by MSF. 12. 6P Error Handling Section 6.2.4 of [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol] lists the 6P Return Codes. Figure 1 lists the same error codes, and the behavior a node implementing MSF SHOULD follow. +-----------------+----------------------+ | Code | RECOMMENDED behavior | +-----------------+----------------------+ | RC_SUCCESS | nothing | | RC_EOL | nothing | | RC_ERR | quarantine | | RC_RESET | quarantine | | RC_ERR_VERSION | quarantine | | RC_ERR_SFID | quarantine | | RC_ERR_SEQNUM | clear | | RC_ERR_CELLLIST | clear | | RC_ERR_BUSY | waitretry | | RC_ERR_LOCKED | waitretry | +-----------------+----------------------+ Figure 1: Recommended behavior for each 6P Error Code. The meaning of each behavior from Figure 1 is: nothing: Indicates that this Return Code is not an error. No error handling behavior is triggered. clear: Abort the 6P Transaction. Issue a 6P CLEAR command to that neighbor (this command may fail at the link layer). Remove all cells scheduled with that neighbor from the local schedule. Keep that node in the neighbor and routing tables. quarantine: Same behavior as for "clear". In addition, remove the node from the neighbor and routing tables. Place the node's identifier in a quarantine list for QUARANTINE_DURATION. When in quarantine, drop all frames received from that node. waitretry: Abort the 6P Transaction. Wait for a duration randomly and uniformly chosen in [WAITDURATION_MIN,WAITDURATION_MAX]. Retry the same transaction. 13. Schedule Inconsistency Handling The behavior when schedule inconsistency is detected is explained in Figure 1, for 6P Return Code RC_ERR_SEQNUM. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 13] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 14. MSF Constants Figure 2 lists MSF Constants and their RECOMMENDED values. +------------------------------+-------------------+ | Name | RECOMMENDED value | +------------------------------+-------------------+ | KA_PERIOD | 10 s | | LIM_NUMCELLSUSED_HIGH | 75 % | | LIM_NUMCELLSUSED_LOW | 25 % | | HOUSEKEEPINGCOLLISION_PERIOD | 1 min | | RELOCATE_PDRTHRES | 50 % | | SIXP_TIMEOUT_SEC_FACTOR | 3 x | | SLOTFRAME_LENGTH | 101 slots | | QUARANTINE_DURATION | 5 min | | WAITDURATION_MIN | 30 s | | WAITDURATION_MAX | 60 s | +------------------------------+-------------------+ Figure 2: MSF Constants and their RECOMMENDED values. 15. MSF Statistics Figure 3 lists MSF Statistics and their RECOMMENDED width. +-----------------+-------------------+ | Name | RECOMMENDED width | +-----------------+-------------------+ | NumCellsPassed | 1 byte | | NumCellsUsed | 1 byte | | NumTx | 1 byte | | NumTxAck | 1 byte | +-----------------+-------------------+ Figure 3: MSF Statistics and their RECOMMENDED width. 16. Security Considerations MSF defines a series of "rules" for the node to follow. It triggers several actions, that are carried out by the protocols defined in the following specifications: the Minimal IPv6 over the TSCH Mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) Configuration [RFC8180], the 6TiSCH Operation Sublayer Protocol (6P) [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol], and the Minimal Security Framework for 6TiSCH [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security]. In particular, MSF does not define a new protocol or packet format. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 14] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 MSF relies entirely on the security mechanisms defined in the specifications listed above. 17. IANA Considerations 17.1. MSF Scheduling Function Identifiers This document adds the following number to the "6P Scheduling Function Identifiers" sub-registry, part of the "IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) parameters" registry, as defined by [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol]: +----------------------+-----------------------------+-------------+ | SFID | Name | Reference | +----------------------+-----------------------------+-------------+ | IANA_6TISCH_SFID_MSF | Minimal Scheduling Function | RFCXXXX | | | (MSF) | (NOTE:this) | +----------------------+-----------------------------+-------------+ Figure 4: IETF IE Subtype '6P'. 18. References 18.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-6tisch-6top-protocol] Wang, Q., Vilajosana, X., and T. Watteyne, "6TiSCH Operation Sublayer Protocol (6P)", draft-ietf-6tisch-6top- protocol-12 (work in progress), June 2018. [I-D.ietf-6tisch-minimal-security] Vucinic, M., Simon, J., Pister, K., and M. Richardson, "Minimal Security Framework for 6TiSCH", draft-ietf- 6tisch-minimal-security-06 (work in progress), May 2018. [I-D.richardson-6tisch-join-enhanced-beacon] Dujovne, D. and M. Richardson, "IEEE802.15.4 Informational Element encapsulation of 6tisch Join Information", draft- richardson-6tisch-join-enhanced-beacon-03 (work in progress), January 2018. [IEEE802154-2015] IEEE standard for Information Technology, "IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015 Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)", December 2015. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 15] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC6550] Winter, T., Ed., Thubert, P., Ed., Brandt, A., Hui, J., Kelsey, R., Levis, P., Pister, K., Struik, R., Vasseur, JP., and R. Alexander, "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks", RFC 6550, DOI 10.17487/RFC6550, March 2012, . [RFC7554] Watteyne, T., Ed., Palattella, M., and L. Grieco, "Using IEEE 802.15.4e Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) in the Internet of Things (IoT): Problem Statement", RFC 7554, DOI 10.17487/RFC7554, May 2015, . [RFC8180] Vilajosana, X., Ed., Pister, K., and T. Watteyne, "Minimal IPv6 over the TSCH Mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) Configuration", BCP 210, RFC 8180, DOI 10.17487/RFC8180, May 2017, . 18.2. Informative References [OpenWSN] Watteyne, T., Vilajosana, X., Kerkez, B., Chraim, F., Weekly, K., Wang, Q., Glaser, S., and K. Pister, "OpenWSN: a Standards-Based Low-Power Wireless Development Environment", Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies , August 2012. [RFC6982] Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running Code: The Implementation Status Section", RFC 6982, DOI 10.17487/RFC6982, July 2013, . [SAX-DASFAA] Ramakrishna, M. and J. Zobel, "Performance in Practice of String Hashing Functions", DASFAA , 1997. Appendix A. Contributors Beshr Al Nahas (Chalmers University, beshr@chalmers.se) and Olaf Landsiedel (Chalmers University, olafl@chalmers.se) contributed to the design and evaluation of autonomous unicast cells. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 16] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 Appendix B. Implementation Status This section records the status of known implementations of the protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC6982]. The description of implementations in this section is intended to assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to RFCs. Please note that the listing of any individual implementation here does not imply endorsement by the IETF. Furthermore, no effort has been spent to verify the information presented here that was supplied by IETF contributors. This is not intended as, and must not be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their features. Readers are advised to note that other implementations may exist. According to [RFC6982], "this will allow reviewers and working groups to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature. It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as they see fit". OpenWSN: MSF is being implemented in the OpenWSN project [OpenWSN] under a BSD open-source license. The authors of this document are collaborating with the OpenWSN community to gather feedback about the status and performance of the protocols described in this document. Results from that discussion will appear in this section in future revision of this specification. More information about this implementation at http://www.openwsn.org/. 6TiSCH simulator The 6TiSCH simulator is a Python-based high-level simulator on which MSF is being implemented. More information at https://bitbucket.org/6tisch/simulator/. Appendix C. Performance Evaluation The performance of MSF may be published as companion documents to this specification, possibly under the form a applicability statements. Appendix D. [TEMPORARY] Changelog o draft-chang-6tisch-msf-02 * Added autonomous cell. o draft-chang-6tisch-msf-01 * When neighbor is unreachable, sending a CLEAR command was a MUST, now a MAY. Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 17] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 * Fixing 6P Timeout calculation. * Clearer text for "Handling Schedule Collisions" section. * Typos. * Input from Yasuyuki Tanaka's review (https://www.ietf.org/mail- archive/web/6tisch/current/msg05723.html). o draft-chang-6tisch-msf-00 * Initial submission. Authors' Addresses Tengfei Chang (editor) Inria 2 rue Simone Iff Paris 75012 France Email: tengfei.chang@inria.fr Malisa Vucinic University of Montenegro Dzordza Vasingtona bb Podgorica 81000 Montenegro Email: malisav@ac.me Xavier Vilajosana Universitat Oberta de Catalunya 156 Rambla Poblenou Barcelona, Catalonia 08018 Spain Email: xvilajosana@uoc.edu Simon Duquennoy RISE SICS Isafjordsgatan 22 164 29 Kista Sweden Email: simon.duquennoy@ri.se Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 18] Internet-Draft 6TiSCH Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF) August 2018 Diego Dujovne (editor) Universidad Diego Portales Escuela de Informatica y Telecomunicaciones Av. Ejercito 441 Santiago, Region Metropolitana Chile Phone: +56 (2) 676-8121 Email: diego.dujovne@mail.udp.cl Chang, et al. Expires February 22, 2019 [Page 19]