6man Working Group A.M. Matsumoto
Internet-Draft T.F. Fujisaki
Intended status: Standards Track NTT
Expires: May 18, 2013 T.C. Chown
University of Southampton
November 14, 2012

Distributing Address Selection Policy using DHCPv6
draft-ietf-6man-addr-select-opt-07.txt

Abstract

RFC 6724 defines default address selection mechanisms for IPv6 that allow nodes to select appropriate address when faced with multiple source and/or destination addresses to choose between. The RFC 6724 allowed for the future definition of methods to administratively configure the address selection policy information. This document defines a new DHCPv6 option for such configuration, allowing a site administrator to distribute address selection policy overriding the default address selection parameters and policy table, and thus control the address selection behavior of nodes in their site.

Status of This Memo

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This Internet-Draft will expire on May 18, 2013.

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1. Introduction

RFC 3484 [RFC3484] describes default algorithms for selecting an address when a node has multiple destination and/or source addresses to choose from by using an address selection policy. In Section 2 of RFC 6724, it is suggested that the default policy table may be administratively configured to suit the specific needs of a site. This specification defines a new DHCPv6 option for such configuration.

Some problems have been identified with the default RFC 3484 address selection policy [RFC5220]. It is unlikely that any default policy will suit all scenarios, and thus mechanisms to control the source address selection policy will be necessary. Requirements for those mechanisms are described in [RFC5221], while solutions are discussed in [I-D.ietf-6man-addr-select-sol] and [I-D.ietf-6man-addr-select-considerations]. Those documents have helped shape the improvements in the default address selection algorithm [RFC6724] as well as the DHCPv6 option defined in this specification.

1.1. Conventions Used in This Document

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

1.2. Terminology

This document uses the terminology defined in [RFC2460] and the DHCPv6 specification defined in [RFC3315]

2. Address Selection options

The Address Selection option provides the address selection policy table, and some other configuration parameters.

An Address Selection option contains zero or more policy table options. Multiple Policy Table options in an Address Selection option constitute a single policy table.

The format of the Address Selection option is given below.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |          OPTION_ADDRSEL       |         option-len            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Reserved |A|P|                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     POLICY TABLE OPTIONS                      |
   |                      (variable length)                        |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

              Figure 1: Address Selection option format

	

option-code:
OPTION_ADDRSEL (TBD).

option-len:
The total length of the Reserved field, A, P flags, and POLICY TABLE OPITONS in octets.

Reserved:
Reserved field. Server MUST set this value to zero and client MUST ignore its content.

A:
Automatic Row Addition flag. This flag toggles the Automatic Row Addition flag at client hosts, which is described in the section 2.1 in RFC 6724 [RFC6724]. If this flag is set to 1, it does not change client host behavior, that is, a client MAY automatically add additional site-specific rows to the policy table. If set to 0, the Automatic Row Addition flag is disabled, and a client SHOULD NOT automatically add rows to the policy table.

P:
Privacy Preference flag. This flag toggles the Privacy Preference flag at client hosts, which is described in the section 5 in RFC 6724 [RFC6724]. If this flag is set to 1, it does not change client host behavior, that is, a client will prefer temporary addresses. If set to 0, the Privacy Preference flag is disabled, and a client will prefer public addresses.

POLICY TABLE OPTIONS:
Zero or more Address Selection Policy Table options described below.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     OPTION_ADDRSEL_TABLE      |         option-len            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    label      |  precedence   |   prefix-len  |               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+               |
   |                                                               |
   |                   prefix   (variable length)                  |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         Figure 2: Address Selection Policy Table option format

	

option-code:
OPTION_ADDRSEL_TABLE (TBD).

option-len:
The total length of the label field, precedence field, prefix-len field, and prefix field.

label:
An 8-bit unsigned integer; this value is for correlation of source address prefixes and destination address prefixes.

precedence:
An 8-bit unsigned integer; this value is used for sorting destination addresses.

prefix-len:
An 8-bit unsigned integer; the number of leading bits in the prefix that are valid. The value ranges from 0 to 128.

prefix:
A variable-length field containing an IP address or the prefix of an IP address. An IPv4-mapped address [RFC4291] must be used to represent an IPv4 address as a prefix value. The prefix should be left aligned, big-endian, and zero padded on the right up to the next octet boundary. So the length of this field should be between 0 and 16 bytes.

3. Appearance of the Address Selection options

The Address Selection options MUST NOT appear in any DHCPv6 messages other than the following ones: Solicit, Advertise, Request, Renew, Rebind, Reconfigure, Information-Request, and Reply.

4. Processing the Policy Table option

This section describes how to process received Policy Table option at the DHCPv6 client.

This option's concept is to serve as a hint for a node about how to behave in the network. So, basically, it should be up to the node's administrator how to deal with the received policy information in the way described below.

4.1. Handling of the local policy table

RFC 6724 defines the default policy table. Also, users are usually able to configure the policy table to satisfy their own requirements.

The client implementation SHOULD provide the following choices to the user:

a)
replace the existing active policy table with the DHCPv6 distributed policy table.
b)
preserve the existing active policy table, whether this be the default policy table, or user configured policy.

4.2. Handling of the stale policy table

When the information from the DHCP server goes stale, the policy received form the DHCP server should be deprecated.

The received information can be considered stale in several cases, such as, when the interface goes down, the DHCP server does not respond for a certain amount of time, and the Information Refresh Time is expired.

4.3. Multi-interface situation

The policy table, and other parameters specified in this document are node-global information by their nature. One reason being that the outbound interface is usually chosen after destination address selection. So, a host cannot make use of multiple address selection policies even if they are stored per interface.

Even if the received policy from one source is merged with one from another source, the effect of both policy are more or less changed. The policy table is defined as a whole, so the slightest addition/deletion from the policy table brings a change in semantics of the policy.

It also should be noted that absence of the distributed policy from a certain network interface should not be treated as absence of policy itself, because it may mean preference for the default address selection policy.

Under the above assumptions, how to handle received policy is specified below.

A node MAY use Address Selection options by default in any of the following two cases:

1:
The host is single-homed, where the host belongs to one administrative network domain exclusively usually through one active network interface.
2:
The host implements some advanced heuristics to deal with multiple received policy, which is outside the scope of this document.

The above restrictions do not preclude implementations from providing configuration options to enable this option on a certain network interface.

Nor, they do not preclude implementations from storing distributed address selection policies per interface. They can be used effectively on such implementations that adopt per-application interface selection.

5. Implementation Considerations

6. Security Considerations

A rogue DHCPv6 server could issue bogus address selection policies to a client. This might lead to incorrect address selection by the client, and the affected packets might be blocked at an outgoing ISP because of ingress filtering, incur additional network charges, or be misdirected to an attacker's machine. Alternatively, an IPv6 transition mechanism might be preferred over native IPv6, even if it is available. To guard against such attacks, a legitimate DHCPv6 server should communicate through a secure, trusted channel, such as a channel protected by IPsec, SEND and DHCP authentication, as described in section 21 of RFC 3315,

Another threat is about privacy concern. As in the security consideration section of RFC 6724, at least a part of, the address selection policy stored in a host can be leaked by a packet from a remote host. This issue will not be modified by the introduction of this option, regardless of whether the host is multihomed or not.

7. IANA Considerations

IANA is requested to assign option codes to OPTION_ADDRSEL and OPTION_ADDRSEL_TABLE from the option-code space as defined in section "DHCPv6 Options" of RFC 3315.

8. References

8.1. Normative References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3315] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C. and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC3484] Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 3484, February 2003.
[RFC6724] Thaler, D., Draves, R., Matsumoto, A. and T. Chown, "Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 6724, September 2012.

8.2. Informative References

[I-D.ietf-6man-addr-select-considerations] Chown, T and A Matsumoto, "Considerations for IPv6 Address Selection Policy Changes", Internet-Draft draft-ietf-6man-addr-select-considerations-04, October 2011.
[RFC2460] Deering, S.E. and R.M. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC3493] Gilligan, R., Thomson, S., Bound, J., McCann, J. and W. Stevens, "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6", RFC 3493, February 2003.
[RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.
[RFC4941] Narten, T., Draves, R. and S. Krishnan, "Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6", RFC 4941, September 2007.
[RFC5220] Matsumoto, A., Fujisaki, T., Hiromi, R. and K. Kanayama, "Problem Statement for Default Address Selection in Multi-Prefix Environments: Operational Issues of RFC 3484 Default Rules", RFC 5220, July 2008.
[RFC5221] Matsumoto, A., Fujisaki, T., Hiromi, R. and K. Kanayama, "Requirements for Address Selection Mechanisms", RFC 5221, July 2008.
[I-D.ietf-6man-addr-select-sol] Matsumoto, A, Fujisaki, T and R Hiromi, "Solution approaches for address-selection problems", Internet-Draft draft-ietf-6man-addr-select-sol-03, March 2010.

Appendix A. Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank to Dave Thaler, Pekka Savola, Remi Denis- Courmont, Francois-Xavier Le Bail, Ole Troan, Bob Hinden, Dmitry Anipko, Ray Hunter, Rui Paulo, Brian E Carpenter, Tom Petch, and the members of 6man's address selection design team for their invaluable contributions to this document.

Appendix B. Past Discussion

Authors' Addresses

Arifumi Matsumoto NTT NT Lab 3-9-11 Midori-Cho Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8585 Japan Phone: +81 422 59 3334 EMail: arifumi@nttv6.net
Tomohiro Fujisaki NTT NT Lab 3-9-11 Midori-Cho Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8585 Japan Phone: +81 422 59 7351 EMail: fujisaki@nttv6.net
Tim Chown University of Southampton Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ United Kingdom EMail: tjc@ecs.soton.ac.uk

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