IETF S. Farrell Internet-Draft Trinity College Dublin Intended status: Experimental July 8, 2008 Expires: January 9, 2009 Other Certificates Extension draft-farrell-pkix-other-certs-03 Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on January 9, 2009. Abstract Some applications that associate state information with public key certificates can benefit from a way to link together a set of certificates belonging to the same end entity that can safely be considered to be equivalent for the purposes of referencing that application state information. This memo defines a certificate extension that supports such linkage that can allow applications to establish the required linkage without introducing a new application protocol data unit. Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Other Certs July 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. A Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Other Certificates Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Another Approach using Permanent Identifiers . . . . . . . . . 5 5. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix A. ASN.1 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 8 Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Other Certs July 2008 1. Introduction The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. RFC 5280 [RFC5280] defines a profile for the use of public key certificates for Internet applications. If an application associates application state information with a public key certificate, then that association may be disrupted if the end entity changes its public key certificate. Such disruption can occur due to renewals or if the end entity changes its certificate issuer. Similarly, if the end entity is actually a distributed system, where each instance has a different private key, then the relying party (RP) has no way to assoicate the different public key certificates with the relevant application state information. For example, assume a web browser retains state information (perhaps passwords) about a web site, indexed (possibly indirectly) via values contained in the web server's public key certificate (perhaps a DNS name). When the web server certificate expires, and a new certifiate is acquired (perhaps with a different DNS name), then the browser cannot safely map the new certificate to the relevant state information. This memo defines a new public key certificate extension that supports such linkage. Other than the issuer asserting that the set of certificates belong to the same end entity for use with the same application, the fine- detail of the semantics of the linkage of certifcates is not defined here, since that is a matter for application developers and the operators of certification authorities (CAs). In particular we do not define how a CA can validate that the same end entity is the holder of the various private keys, nor how the application should make use of this information. Nor do we define what kinds of state information may be shared. 2. A Use Case Public key certificates expire, typically about a year after they are created. Some applications might need to know that the same entity is the subject of this certificate and a previously used certificate. For example, if a web server certificate expires, it could be useful for a web browser to know that the server currently presenting a certificate in a TLS [RFC4346] handshake represents the same web Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Other Certs July 2008 server that previously presented a certificate. This could be used for example to allow the browser to automatically fill in form fields for the server in question, even if the server certificate has been replaced. While the same effect can be achieved based on the use of the same issuer and subject fields in a certificate there could be security issues involved in such comparisons, e.g. if the subject name includes a DNS name and the ownership of that DNS domain has changed. The use of the new extension provides a way for the CA to signal to the application that the same end entity is involved, regardless of name changes. The new extension could also allow the web site operator to more easily change CA when renewing its certificate. 3. Other Certificates Extension This section defines the syntax for the other certificates extension. The new extension is simply a list of references to the linked certificates. The references make use of the SCVPCertID structure from the SCVP [RFC5055] protocol which contains a hash over the relevant certificate and the certificate's issuer and serial number. When this extension is present the CA is asserting that the same end entity is the subject of the relevant certificates. This extension MUST NOT be marked critical. id-ce-otherCerts OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::== { id-ce XXX } OtherCertificates ::= SEQUENCE OF SCVPCertID CAs MUST only issue certificates containing this extension where the links created are such that the relevant consumers of the certificates can safely make use of those links. This will typically be the case where the certificates are only used by a single application. CAs MUST NOT issue certificates that link to certificates issued for a different purpose, for example, a CA SHOULD NOT link a web server certificate to a VPN gateway certificate (unless those can be the same, which might occur for some embedded devices). Applications MUST validate certificates according to the rules specified in RFC 5280 [RFC5280], and MUST NOT assume that because certficates are linked, that they are therefore valid. This means of course that both certificates must chain up to some local trust point(s). Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Other Certs July 2008 If an application imposes further checks on certificate validity (e.g. as is done in RFC 2818 [RFC2818] for web server certificates), then both certificates MUST be valid according to those application specific rules. It is NOT REQUIRED that two linked certificates are both simultaneously valid. For example, an application can validate certificate1 and cache that information. When it is subsequently presented with certificate2 (linked back to certificate1) then, if it considers the cached information about certificate1 trustworthy, then it can validate certificate2, and use the linkage to associate certificate2 with the relevant application state information. (Just as it would have done had certificate1 been re-presented.) As a second example, if certificate1 is expired, but would otherwise be valid, then the linkage from certificate2 can also be used once certificate2 has been validated. If the application checks certificate status for the certificates in question, and any of the certificates concerned has been revoked, then the linkage MUST NOT be used. [Is this needed?] Note that there are no constraints on the contents of the certificate to which the link "points." The consequence is that the CA issuing the new certificate can link back to legacy certificates of all kinds, once the relevant RP supports this extension. 4. Another Approach using Permanent Identifiers RFC 4043 [RFC4043] defines a new name form (a "Permanent Identifier" or PI) for public key certificates that supports similar functionality to the new extension defined here. If two certificates have the same PI and that PI form is globally unique, then the end- entities involved can be considered to be the same. The main difference between the PI and the other certificates extension is that, (when more than one CA is involved), PI requires a globally unique identifier, whereas the other certificates extension only requires that the issuer of the new certificate be able to link back to the old certificate(s). As a consequence the other certificates extension can be deployed "reactively" to link certificates that may not match "ideal" application naming requirements. If the old certificate did make use of PI, then presumably application naming issues have already been handled, and then the new certificate can contain the same PI. In this latter case there would be no need for the other certificates extension. Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Other Certs July 2008 5. Acknowledgements The use case motivating this was contributed to the W3C web security context (WSC) working group by Tyler Close. See http://www.w3.org/2006/WSC/wiki/SafeWebFormEditor for details. 6. IANA Considerations This memo includes no request to IANA. 7. Security Considerations As stated above, relying parties MUST validate any certificates per the algorithm given in RFC 5280 [RFC5280] before making any use of those certificates. Relying parties similarly MUST NOT assume that any other fields in the relevant certificates have common values. For example, linked certificates might have non-overlapping key usage extensions. Since the issuer of the new certificate (or some superior CA) is trusted by the RP, and the RP has validated the new certificate, the RP is basically as reliant on the proper operation of that CA as always - if the CA wished to "cheat" on the RP the other certificates extension simply provides a new way to do that, but one that is equivalent to existing vulnerabilities. In many cases such a bad CA could simply issue a new certificate that is identical in all respects (other than the key pair) and the RP would accept the identity contained in that new certificate. [The NC issue below was pointed out by Steve Kent. It probably needs to be better described, and needs more thought as well, e.g is it a real problem? are there other constraints that might produce similar results? is there a general way to avoid the problem if it is one?] However, if the issuer of the new certificate is limited in some way (e.g. via a name constraint in a superior CA certificate), and if the old certificate doesn't match those limitations (e.g. the subject of the old certificate doesn't fit under the name constraints of the issuer of the new certificate), then the new certificate could be linked back to an identity that doesn't meet the constraints intended to be imposed on the issuer of the new certificate. Applications for which this is an unacceptable risk SHOULD NOT make use of the other certificates extension. More TBD no doubt. Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Other Certs July 2008 8. References 8.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC5055] Freeman, T., Housley, R., Malpani, A., Cooper, D., and W. Polk, "Server-Based Certificate Validation Protocol (SCVP)", RFC 5055, December 2007. [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008. 8.2. Informative References [RFC2818] Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000. [RFC4043] Pinkas, D. and T. Gindin, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Permanent Identifier", RFC 4043, May 2005. [RFC4346] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006. Appendix A. ASN.1 Module TBD Author's Address Stephen Farrell Trinity College Dublin Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin, 2 Ireland Phone: +353-1-896-1761 Email: stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Other Certs July 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. 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Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Farrell Expires January 9, 2009 [Page 8]