DNSOP Working Group X.Deng Internet Draft M.Boucadair Intended status: Informational France Telecom Expires: July 12, 2014 Q.Zhao BUPT J.Huang C.Zhou Huawei February 11, 2014 Using PCP to update dynamic DNS draft-deng-pcp-ddns-04.txt Abstract This document focuses on the problems encountered when using dynamic DNS in address sharing contexts (e.g., DS-Lite, NAT64) during IPv6 transition. Issues and possible solutions are documented in this memo. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on April 16, 2013. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must Deng, et al. Expires April 16, 2013 [Page 1] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Problem Statement ........................................... 2 2. Solution Space .............................................. 4 2.1. Locate a Service Port................................... 4 2.2. Detect Changes ......................................... 4 3. Possible Solutions .......................................... 6 3.1. Topology ............................................... 6 3.2. For Web Service ........................................ 7 3.3. For Non-web Service .................................... 8 4. Additional Authors' Addresses............................... 10 5. Acknowledgments ............................................ 10 6. References ................................................. 10 6.1. Normative References................................... 10 6.2. Informative References................................. 11 7. Authors' Addresses ......................................... 12 1. Problem Statement Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is a widely deployed service to facilitate hosting servers (e.g., to host webcam and http server) at premises. There are a number of providers who offer a DDNS service, working in a client and server mode, which mostly use a web-form based communication. DDNS clients are generally implemented in the user's router or computer, which once detects changes to its IP address it automatically sends an update message to the DDNS server. The communication between the client and the server is not standardized, varying from one provider to another, although a few standard web- based methods of updating emerged over time. When the network architecture evolves towards an IPv4 sharing architecture during IPv6 transition, the DDNS Client will have to not only inform the IP address updates if any, but also to notify the changes of external port on which the service is listening, because well known port numbers, e.g. port 80 will no longer be available to every web server. It will also require the ability to configure corresponding port forwarding on CGN devices, so that incoming communications initiated from outside can be routed to the appropriate server behind the CGN. Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 2] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 This document focuses on the problems encountered when using dynamic DNS in address sharing contexts (e.g., DS-Lite, NAT64). Below are listed the main challenges: (1) The DDNS service MUST be able to maintain an alternative port number instead of the default port number. (2) Appropriate means to instantiate port mapping in the address sharing device MUST be supported. (3) DDNS client MUST be triggered by the change of the external IP address and the port number. Concretely, upon change of the external IP address, the DDNS client MUST refresh the DNS records otherwise the server won't be reachable from outside. This issue is exacerbated in the DS-Lite context because no public IPv4 address is assigned to the CPE. This document describes solutions to resolve issues listed above in the particular case of DS-Lite. Note DDNS may be considered as an implementation of the Rendezvous service mentioned in [RFC6887]. After creating a mapping for incoming connections, it is necessary to inform remote computers about the IP address, protocol, and port for the incoming connection to reach the services hosted behind a DS-Lite CGN. This is usually done in an application-specific manner. For example, a computer game might use a rendezvous server specific to that game (or specific to that game developer), a SIP phone would use a SIP proxy, and a client using DNS-Based Service Discovery [RFC6763] would use DNS Update [RFC2136][RFC3007]. PCP does not provide this rendezvous function. RFC6281 shows an good example of how to use the DNS-Based Service Discovery to make the service announcement available, in an application manner. The rendezvous function may support IPv4, IPv6, or both. Depending on that support and the application's support of IPv4 or IPv6, the PCP client may need an IPv4 mapping, an IPv6 mapping, or both. In the solution section, it gives an example how the DDNS server may implement such a service notification functionality if necessary. This document requires no changes to PCP protocol or dynamic updates in the standard domain name system [RFC2136], but is rather an operational document to make the current DDNS service providers be aware of the impacts and issues that the IPv6 transitioning and IPv4 address sharing will bring to them, and gives solutions address the Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 3] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 forthcoming issues. The current DDNS service providers usually employs a web-based form to maintain DDNS service registration and updates. For DNS-based Service Discovery, or DNS-SD and updates, [RFC6763] intensively describes how to use DNS resource records and standard DNS queries to facilitate service discovery, and [RFC6281] elaborates an implementation of it with an Apple's Back to My Mac (BTMM) Service. 2. Solution Space 2.1. Locate a Service Port At least two solutions can be used to associate a port number with a service identified: (1) Use service URIs (e.g., FTP, SIP, HTTP) which embed an explicit port number. Indeed, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) defined in [RFC3986] allows to carry port number in the syntax (e.g., mydomain.example:15687) (2) Use SRV records. Unfortunately, the majority of browsers do not support this record type. DDNS client and server are to be updated so that an alternative port number is also signaled and stored by the server. Requesting remote hosts will be then notified with the IP address and port number to reach the server. 2.2. Detect Changes Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 4] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 +-----------------+ | DDNS Server | | | +-----------------+ ^ | |3. DDNS updates | (if any) | +---------------+ +-----------------+ |DDNS Client |1. PCP MAP request | CGN/PCP Server | |PCP Client/IWF |------------------>| (PCP mapping for|80:8080 +------+ |ON CPE or |2. PCP MAP response| port forwarding)|<-------|Client| |the host itself|<------------------| | | | | |3. DDNS updates | | +------+ | | (if any) | | | |------------------>| | +---------------+ +-----------------+ Figure 1 : Flow Chart First of all, PCP MUST be used to install the appropriate mapping in the CGN so that incoming packets can be delivered to the appropriate server. In a network described in figure 1, DDNS Client/ PCP Client can either be running on a Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) or be running on the host that is hosting some services itself. There are several possible ways to address the problems stated in section 1. (1) If the DDNS client is enabled, the host issues periodically (e.g., 1h) PCP MAP requests (e.g., messages 1 and 2 in Figure 1) with short lifetime (e.g., 30s) for the purpose of enquiring external IP address and setting. If the purpose is to detect any change of external port, the host must issues a PCP mapping to install a mapping for the internal server. Upon change of the external IP address, the DDNS client updates the records (e.g., message 3 in Figure 1). (2) If the DDNS client is enabled, it checks the local mapping table maintained by the PCP client. This process is repeated periodically (e.g., 5mn, 30mn, 1h). If there is no PCP mapping created by PCP client, it issues a PCP MAP request (e.g., messages 1 and 2 in Figure Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 5] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 1) for the purpose of enquiring external IP address and setting up port forwarding mappings for incoming connections. Upon change of the external IP address, the DDNS client updates the records in the DDNS server, e.g., message 3 in Figure 1. 3. Possible Solutions 3.1. Topology +--------------+ +--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +-------+ | Service | | DDNS | | CGN& | | PCP | |Servers| | User |---| Server|----| PCP |---| Client |---| | | | | | | Server | | /DDNS | | | | | | | | | | client | | | +--------------+ +--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +-------+ A user DDNS Server AFTR B4(CPE) A host From Internet behind B4 Figure 2 : Implementation Topology Servers: Servers that are deployed in the DS-Lite network, or more generally, an IP address sharing environment. They are usually running on a host that has been assigned with a private IPv4 address. Having created a proper mapping via PCP in AFTR, these services have been made available to the internet users. The services may provide Web, FTP, SIP and other services though these ones may not be able to been seen as using a well known port from the outside anymore, in the IP address sharing context. B4 (CPE): An endpoint of IPv4-in-v6 tunnel. A PCP client together with a DDNS client are running on it. After PCP client establishes a mapping on the AFTR, an end user may register its domain name and its external IPv4 address plus port number to its DDNS service provider (DDNS server), manually or automatically by DDNS client. Later, likewise, end users may manually or let DDNS client on behalf of it, to automatically announce IP and port changes to the DDNS server. AFTR: Responsible for maintaining mappings between internal IPv4 Address plus port and external IPv4 address plus port. DDNS server: Maintains a table linking a registered domain name and a pair of registered host's external IPv4 address plus port number. When being notified IP address and port number changes from DDNS Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 6] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 client, DDNS server then announces the updates to DNS servers on behalf of end user. RFC 2136 and RFC 2137 may be used by DDNS server to send updates to DNS servers. In many current practices, DDNS server provider usually announce its own IP address as the registered Domain names of end users. When Http requests reach the DDNS server, they may employ URL Forwarding or HTTP 301 redirection to redirect the request to a proper registered end user by looking up the maintained link table. Service users: Users who want to access services behind an IP address sharing network. They send out standard DNS requests to locate the services, which will lead them to a DDNS server, provided that the requested services have been registered to a DDNS service provider. Then the DDNS server will handle the rest in the way as described before. 3.2. For Web Service Current DDNS server implementations typically assume that the end servers host web server on the default 80 port. In the DS-Lite context, they will have to take into account that external port assigned by AFTR may be any number other than 80, in order to maintain proper mapping between domain names and external IP plus port. By doing such changes to implementation, the HTTP request would be redirected to the AFTR which servers the specific end host that are running servers. The following chart shows how the messages reach the right server. Web Visitor DDNS server AFTR B4(CPE) Web Server behind b4 | HTTP Get* | | | | |---------------------->| | | | | ip_DDNS_server |--------------->| | | | | HTTP 301 | | | | |<---------------| | | | HTTP Get* ip_aftr:8001 | | | |--------------------------------------->| | | | HTTP Get* ip_websrv:8000 | | |------------------------->| | | | | HTTP response | HTTP response | |<---------------------------------------|--------------------------| Figure 3 Http Service Messages Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 7] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 When a web user sends out a HTTP GET message to DDNS server after a standard DNS query, DDNS server redirects the request to a registered web server, in this case, by responding with a HTTP 301 message. Then the HTTP GET message will be sent out to the AFTR, which will in turn finds the proper hosts behind it. For simplicity, messages among AFTR, B4 and web server behind b4 are not shown completely; for communications among those nodes, please refer to [RFC6333]. 3.3. For Non-web Service For non-web services, as mentioned in Section 2, other means will be needed to inform the users about the service information. [RFC6763] shows an good example of DNS based solution to do so, in which case an application running in the end user's device will retrieve service information via DNS SRV/TXT records, and list available services. In a scenario where such application is not applicable, following provides another means for a third party, e.g. DDNS service provider, to disclose services to the Internet users. A web portal can be used to list available services. DDNS server maintains a web portal for each user FQDN, which provides a users service links. In the figure below, it assumes websrv.myip.org is a user's FQDN provided by a DDNS service provider. +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ Internet +-------+ |DDNS client /|----|DDNS server /|----|DNS server|----------|Visitor| | Web Server | | web portal | | | | | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +-------+ | register | | | |<------------------> | | | | websrv.myip.org | update DNS | | | 100.1.1.2:2000 | <-------------> | | | | websrv.myip.org | | | | portal's IP | | | +-------------+ | | | |update portal| | | | +-------------+ | DNS resolve for | | | | <----------------> | | | | websrv.myip.org | | | | get portal's IP | | | | | | | visit portal of websrv.myip.org | | | <----------------------------------> | | | | | | visit http://100.1.1.2:2000 | | <--------------------------------------------------------> | Figure 4 Update Web Portal Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 8] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 The DDNS client registers the servers' information to the DDNS server, including public IP address and port obtained via PCP, user's FQDN and other necessary information. The DDNS server also works as portal server, it registers its IP address and user's FQDN to the DNS system, so that visitors can visit the web portal. DDNS server also maintains a web portal for each user's FQDN, update the portal according to registered information from DDNS client. When a visitor visits websrv.myip.org, DNS query will resolve to portal server's address, and the visitor will see the portal and the available services. +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Portal of websrv.myip.org | | | | Service1: web server | | Link: http://100.1.1.2:2000 | | | | Service2: video | | Link: rtsp://100.1.1.2:8080/test.sdp | | | | ...... | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 5 An Example of Web Portal Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 9] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 The web portal in the above figure shows service links that are available to be accessed. Multiple services is accessible per user's FQDN. Some applications which are not http based can also be supported via this solution. When user click a link, the registered application in the client OS will be invoked to handle the link. How this can be achieved is out of the scope of this document. 4. Additional Authors' Addresses This work is made available also from additional authors' contribution and work. Xiaohong Huang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China Email: huangxh@bupt.edu.cn Yan Ma Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China Email: mayan@bupt.edu.cn 5. Acknowledgments Thanks to Stuart Cheshire for bringing up DNS-Based Service Discovery and RFC6281 where covers DNS-based SD scenario and gives a good example of how the application means of solution to address dynamic DNS update, in this case, apple' BTMM, can be achieved. 6. References 6.1. Normative References [RFC2136] P. Vixie, et. al." Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", April 1997. [RFC3007] B. Wellington, " Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update", November 2000. [RFC3986] Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 10] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 T. Berners-Lee, et. al. " Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", January 2005. [RFC6281] S. Cheshire, et. Al. " Understanding Apple's Back to My Mac (BTMM) Service", June 2011. [RFC6333] A. Durand, et. Al. " Dual-Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4 Exhaustion", August 2011. 6.2. Informative References [RFC6887] D. Wing, et. al. " Port Control Protocol (PCP)", April 2013. [RFC6763] S. Cheshire, et. al. " DNS-Based Service Discovery ", February 2013 Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 11] Internet-Draft PCP DDNS updates February 2014 7. Authors' Addresses Xiaohong Deng France Telecom Rennes,35000 France Email: dxhbupt@gmail.com Mohamed BOUCADAIR France Telecom Rennes,35000 France Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com Qin Zhao Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China Email: zhaoqin.bupt@gmail.com James Huang Huawei Technologies Email: james.huang@huawei.com Cathy Zhou Huawei Technologies Email: cathy.zhou@huawei.com Deng, et al. Expires July 12, 2014 [Page 12]